• br The role of apelin

  2024-06-03

  

  The role of apelin in hepatic diseases The involvement of the apelin/APJ system in liver physiology and pathology has been proven in numerous studies (Table 6). For instance, in the experiment of Emam et al. [63] on rats suffering from hepatic injury, apelin decreased the levels of ALT, AST and L

• Therefore in the present study we

  2024-05-31

  

  Therefore, in the present study, we first examined the ATRAP Disuflo Cy5 azide in human leukocytes of healthy subjects. We next analyzed possible relevant clinical factors affecting ATRAP expression in leukocytes of patients with NCDs. Furthermore, we examined the possible effect of ATRAP downregul

• To date attention has been directed towards new

  2024-05-31

  

  To date, attention has been directed towards new molecular targets in luminal phenotype (ER-positive), such as CDK4/6 and, to a lesser extent, androgen receptor (AR) pathways [8]. While the role of CDK4/6 has been elucidated and their inhibitors have shown a benefit in luminal BC, the role of AR in

• The most common adverse effects

  2024-05-31

  

  The most common adverse effects were ARIA, which occurred at higher levels than in any previous anti-Aβ mAb study. ARIA-E was observed at some point during the trial in no participants in the placebo group compared with 1 (3%), 2 (6%), 11 (37%), and 13 (41%) participants receiving 1, 3, 6, and 10 mg

• The aldehyde reductase AKR A and aldose reductase

  2024-05-31

  

  The aldehyde reductase (AKR1A1) and aldose reductase (AKR1B1) belong to aldo-ketoreductase (AKR) superfamily catalyzing the reduction of corresponding aldehydes and ketones involved. Both the closely related enzymes AKR1A1 and AKR1B1 have 65% structural similarity and differ only at the active site.

• While the mechanisms by which ALDH

  2024-05-31

  

  While the mechanisms by which ALDH2 regulates cardiac responses to pathological stress remain unclear, the capillary rarefaction found in pressure-overloaded ALDH2 Tg hearts provides potential clues. Loss of capillary density and diminished endothelial function occur in pathological hypertrophy [46]

• br Glioblastoma GBM is the highest grade glioma

  2024-05-31

  

  Glioblastoma GBM is the highest-grade glioma (Grade IV) according to WHO classification and belongs to the most malignant form of uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation tumor. It is an incurable disease despite the use of aggressive treatments that include surgery and radiotherapy, usually in c

• Cancers that responded to immune checkpoint inhibitors

  2024-05-31

  

  Cancers that responded to immune checkpoint inhibitors were shown to present a type I interferon (IFN) signature in the TME 33, 34. Type I IFNs positively regulate the expression of tumor antigens and their crosspresentation by DCs to tumoricidal CTLs. Furthermore, CD8+ T cell develops full effector

• Adenosine receptors activate a number of

  2024-05-31

  

  Adenosine receptors activate a number of signalling pathways involved in tissue survival including several mitogen-activated protein kinases (Fredholm et al., 2001). The common feature of all adenosine receptors is the positive coupling to ERK1/2, whilst A2B and A3 receptors can also activate the st

• As an alternative to chronic receptor blockade we

  2024-05-31

  

  As an alternative to chronic receptor blockade, we have been targeting adenosine kinase (ADK) – an astrocyte-based enzyme that catalyses the phosphorylation of adenosine, as a means to modify Tubastatin A adenosinergic signalling (Boison, 2006, Etherington et al., 2009). Up-regulating ADK facilitate

• Curcumin is the principal natural polyphenol curcuminoid of

  2024-05-31

  

  Curcumin is the principal natural polyphenol curcuminoid of turmeric (Curcuma longa) rhizome, a member of the ginger family (Zingiberaceae) [13]. Curcumin has a wide spectrum of therapeutic properties, and it has been shown to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antiangiogenesis, che

• It is already established in the literature

  2024-05-31

  

  It is already established in the literature that products synthesized by 5-LO, such as lipoxin A4, can activate PPARγ in a setting of experimental stroke [43]. Interestingly, experiments using 5-LO knockout mice in an endotoxemia model to mimic septic conditions, demonstrated reduced multiple organ

• Earlier studies showed that exposure

  2024-05-30

  

  Earlier studies showed that exposure of cells to IR caused ATM-dependent phosphorylation of 53BP1, as judged by electrophoretic mobility shift [24], [25], [26]. To date, the only known in vivo 53BP1 phosphorylation site(s) are Ser25 and possibly Ser29 [27]. In the course of our studies, we noticed t

• daunorubicin Introduction the DNA damage response important

  2024-05-30

  

  Introduction: the DNA damage response — important implications for tumour development and treatment Cells are invariably challenged by tens of thousands of lesions inflicted on their DNA everyday (Lindhal, 1993). This DNA damage can be caused exogenously by exposure to different types of radiation

• Activated MAP kinases transform the stimulus into the

  2024-05-30

  

  Activated MAP kinases transform the stimulus into the pathophysiological responses by phosphorylating downstream substrates, including transcription factors, cytoskeletal proteins involved in mRNA translation (Li et al., 2015). Among the numerous effectors that intervene in the TNF-α action is an ac

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